README -- Describes contents of HEMCO/VOLCANO/v2021-09 directory 28 Sep 2021 GEOS-Chem Support Team geos-chem-support@g.harvard.edu Overview: =============================================================================== Volcano SO2 emissions are available through May 2020 (eruptive & degassing), and persistent (i.e., degassing) emissions are assumed for all days afterwards. Files were obtained from https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gmaoftp/geoscf/volcano_so2/ on 23 Aug 2021 and have the tag v202005. These .rc files are in the format: ### LAT (-90,90), LON (-180,180), SULFUR [kg S/s], ELEVATION [m], CLOUD_COLUMN_HEIGHT [m] ### If elevation=cloud_column_height, emit in layer of elevation ### else, emit in top 1/3 of cloud_column_height volcano:: 50.170 6.850 3.587963e-03 600 600 45.780 2.970 3.587963e-03 1464 1464 42.170 2.530 3.587963e-03 893 893 ... :: The files can be read in and processed by the HEMCO Volcano extension. In HEMCO_Config.rc: 117 Volcano : on SO2 --> Volcano_Source : AeroCom --> AeroCom_Table : $ROOT/VOLCANO/v2021-09/$YYYY/$MM/so2_volcanic_emissions_Carns.$YYYY$MM$DD.rc Original README ============================================================================== Source: explosive volcanic emissions by Simon Carn, based on TOMS, O MI, and OMPS data Carn, S. A., Yang, K., Prata, A. J., & Krotkov, N. A. (2015). Extending the long-term record of volcanic SO2 emissions with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Nadir Mapper. Geophysical Research Letters, 42. doi:10.1002/2014GL062437 Valentina Aquila (valentina.aquila@nasa.gov) created these files by joining S. Carn's database, which includes only explosive volcanic eruptions, and degassing volcanic emissions by Thomas Diehl. The program used is convert_carn2geos5_degassing_explosive_TOGETHER.py SC database covers 5 Dec 1978 to 28 Apr 2018. SC database contains an observed and an estimated injection altitude. When available, the observed injection altitude has been used, if not the estimated altitude. *** NOTE *** I have manually changed some volcanoes that appear to be overestimated after comparing the model results to SAGE, OSIRIS, and OMPS observations. I have also added the hours of the eruption when available. These volcanoes are: ***Kelut Original (from Carn's database): (ends up 13km to 19km) 20140213: -7.930 112.308 1.157407e+03 1731 19000 Modified: Injection altitude up to 21 instead of 19 and injection amount from 200kt SO2 to 300kt SO2 for better comparison with OMPS 20140213: -7.930 112.308 1.736111e+03 1731 21000 ***Redoubt Original (from Carn's database) 20090323: 60.480 -152.750 4.050926e+02 3108 18000 20090324: 60.480 -152.750 6.944444e+01 3108 18000 Modified: Altitude changed after comparison with MIPAS (comparison by Qian Tan) from 18km to 14 km 20090323: 60.480 -152.750 4.050926e+02 3108 14000 20090324: 60.480 -152.750 6.944444e+01 3108 14000 ***Manam Original: 20050128: -4.100 145.061 8.101852e+02 1807 24000 Modified:Injection altitude up to 21 instead of 24 for better comparison with OSIRIS. Also changed volcano altitude so that the lowest boundary is 18km 20050128: -4.100 145.061 8.101852e+02 12000 21000 ***NOT INCLUDED IN THIS VERSION (STARTING IN 1978) ***Agung Amount from Gao et al. (2008) injection of about 10.45 Tg SO2 = 10.45*1e9 kg SO2 Altitude from Arfeuille et al. (2013): up to 28 km. Dates from Self and King (1996): Half of it is on March 17 1963, half on May 16 1963. ###Total (H2SO4+H2O) = 20.9 Tg (Gao et al. 2008). Assuming 75% wgt concentration, it is about 15.68 Tg H2SO4. Molar mass SO2 = 2/3 molar mass SO4, hence this amount of H2SO4 corresponds to an injection of about 10.45Tg SO2 = 5.23 Tg S Added these lines: 19630317: -8.342 115.508 1.513310e+04 2249 28000 19630516: -8.342 115.508 1.513310e+04 2249 28000 ***Fuego Amount from Gao et al. (2008) 3Tg S Altitude (Luke Oman pers. comm.) = 16-20km Date main eruption: 17 October 1974 19741017: 14.470 -90.880 1.736110e+04 3763 20000