All online and offline simulations done using the benchmark simulation of GEOS-Chem version 14.2.0-alpha.16. Online emissions refer to using HEMCO extensions for soil NOx, seasalt, dust, and biogenic emissions. Offline emissions refer to turning these extensions off and using offline files instead. GEOS-IT simulations use lightning climatology produced from MERRA2. The MERRA2 and GEOS-FP simulations do not use lightning climatology. discover_runs are all transport tracer runs using 14.2.2 and GEOS-IT meteorology. passive_tracer_comparison compares start end end restart files from 1-yr benchmark runs using GEOS-FP, MERRA2, and GEOS-IT. GEOS-FP is 2022 while the others are 2019.